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lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly moveto urx lly lineto urx
ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if/showpage{}N/erasepage{}N
/setpagedevice{pop}N/copypage{}N newpath}N/@endspecial{count ocount sub{
pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave
restore end}N/@defspecial{SDict begin}N/@fedspecial{end}B/li{lineto}B
/rl{rlineto}B/rc{rcurveto}B/np{/SaveX currentpoint/SaveY X N 1
setlinecap newpath}N/st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N/fil{fill SaveX SaveY
moveto}N/ellipse{/endangle X/startangle X/yrad X/xrad X/savematrix
matrix currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc
savematrix setmatrix}N end

%%EndProcSet
%%BeginFont: CMSY8
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY8 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:22:10
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY8) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY8 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-30 -955 1185 779}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000818 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMR10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00B) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMR10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000793 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: PazoMath
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: PazoMath 001.003
%%CreationDate: Fri May 17 11:17:28 2002
%%VMusage: 120000 150000
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 14 dict dup begin
/version (001.003) readonly def
/Copyright ((c) Diego Puga, 2000, 2002.) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (c) Diego Puga, 2000, 2002. Distributed under the GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.txt). As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font program in a PostScript or PDF file that consists of a document that contains text to be displayed or printed using this font, regardless of the conditions or license applying to the document itself.) readonly def
/FullName (Pazo Math) readonly def
/FamilyName (PazoMath) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
/Weight (Regular) readonly def
end readonly def
/FontName /PazoMath def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 198 /emptyset put
dup 229 /summation put
readonly def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.00100 0 0 0.00100 0 0] readonly def
/UniqueID 5116633 def
/FontBBox {-40 -283 878 946} readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.0) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMSY10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000820 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: PazoMath-Italic
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: PazoMath-Italic 001.003
%%CreationDate: Fri May 17 11:17:28 2002
%%VMusage: 120000 150000
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 14 dict dup begin
/version (001.003) readonly def
/Copyright ((c) Diego Puga, 2000, 2002.) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (c) Diego Puga, 2000, 2002. Distributed under the GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.txt). As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font program in a PostScript or PDF file that consists of a document that contains text to be displayed or printed using this font, regardless of the conditions or license applying to the document itself.) readonly def
/FullName (Pazo Math Italic) readonly def
/FamilyName (PazoMath) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -9.50 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
/Weight (Regular) readonly def
end readonly def
/FontName /PazoMath-Italic def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 101 /epsilon1 put
dup 104 /eta put
dup 106 /phi1 put
dup 108 /lambda put
dup 110 /nu put
dup 115 /sigma put
dup 116 /tau put
readonly def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.00100 0 0 0.00100 0 0] readonly def
/UniqueID 5116634 def
/FontBBox {-70 -277 902 733} readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: CMEX10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMEX10 1.00
%%CreationDate: 1992 Jul 23 21:22:48
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.00) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMEX10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMEX10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 22 /floorleftbigg put
dup 23 /floorrightbigg put
dup 56 /bracelefttp put
dup 58 /braceleftbt put
dup 60 /braceleftmid put
dup 62 /braceex put
dup 99 /hatwider put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-24 -2960 1454 772}readonly def
/UniqueID 5000774 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
%%EndFont 
%%BeginFont: PazoMathBlackboardBold
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: PazoMathBlackboardBold 001.003
%%CreationDate: Fri May 17 11:17:28 2002
%%VMusage: 120000 150000
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 14 dict dup begin
/version (001.003) readonly def
/Copyright ((c) Diego Puga, 2000, 2002.) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (c) Diego Puga, 2000, 2002. Distributed under the GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.txt). As a special exception, permission is granted to include this font program in a PostScript or PDF file that consists of a document that contains text to be displayed or printed using this font, regardless of the conditions or license applying to the document itself.) readonly def
/FullName (Pazo Math Blackboard Bold) readonly def
/FamilyName (PazoMathBlackboardBold) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
/Weight (BlackboardBold) readonly def
end readonly def
/FontName /PazoMathBlackboardBold def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 69 /E put
dup 78 /N put
dup 82 /R put
dup 90 /Z put
readonly def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.00100 0 0 0.00100 0 0] readonly def
/UniqueID 5116637 def
/FontBBox {-15 -195 1118 709} readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
/version (1.100) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
end readonly def
/FontName /CMMI10 def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /.notdef put
readonly def
/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
/UniqueID 5087385 def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%%EndFont 
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%%Trailer

%%EndDocument
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(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(14)727
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b(16)382 3581 y FX(2)91 b(Syntax)2495 b(18)518 3711 y
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(.)f(.)125 b(18)518 3841 y(2.2)96 b(Conte)o(xt-free)26
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3971 y(2.2.1)110 b(Abstract)25 b(syntax)48 b(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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b(18)727 4101 y(2.2.2)110 b(Concrete)25 b(syntax)j(.)45
b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(21)518 4230 y(2.3)96 b(Conte)o(xtual)26
b(speci\002cation)i(.)45 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(21)727
4360 y(2.3.1)110 b(Create)24 b(statement)h(requirement)92
b(.)46 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125
b(21)727 4490 y(2.3.2)110 b(Identi\002er)25 b(binding)51
b(.)45 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(22)727 4620 y(2.3.3)110 b(T)-7
b(ype)24 b(rules)31 b(.)46 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125
b(23)382 4841 y FX(3)91 b(Semantics)2369 b(27)518 4971
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h(.)f(.)125 b(27)518 5100 y(3.2)96 b(De\002nitions)26
b(.)45 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
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b(27)727 5230 y(3.2.1)110 b(Syntactic)25 b(cate)o(gories)93
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b(.)45 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
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b(29)518 808 y(3.3)96 b(Semantic)24 b(rules)h(for)f(the)f(language)30
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h(.)f(.)125 b(30)727 937 y(3.3.1)110 b(Expressions)42
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g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(36)518 1327 y(3.4)96 b(Built-in)25
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b(38)382 1548 y FX(4)91 b(T)-7 b(ranslation)25 b(to)e(JVM)g(code)1797
b(40)518 1678 y F2(4.1)96 b(The)23 b(Ja)n(v)n(a)i(VM)72
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g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(41)727 2067 y(4.1.3)110 b(V)-10
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2197 y(4.1.4)110 b(Stack)24 b(manipulation)j(instructions)80
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b(42)727 2327 y(4.1.5)110 b(Arithmetic)25 b(instructions)50
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(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(43)727 2587 y(4.1.7)110 b(T)-7
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b(44)518 2716 y(4.2)96 b(T)m(ranslation)88 b(.)45 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
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3106 y(4.3)96 b(Correctness)26 b(of)e(the)g(translation)44
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b(58)727 3495 y(4.3.3)110 b(Correctness)52 b(.)45 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
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(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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(.)h(.)f(.)125 b(74)727 4885 y(5.3.2)110 b(T)-7 b(ype)24
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b(77)727 5145 y(5.3.4)110 b(Declarations)90 b(.)45 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
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(.)125 b(78)518 5274 y(5.4)96 b(Error)24 b(reporting)87
b(.)45 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
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b(80)727 808 y(5.5.2)110 b(T)-7 b(ype)24 b(de\002nitions)30
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b(81)727 1067 y(5.5.4)110 b(V)-10 b(ariable)25 b(lookup)38
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(require)j(v)o(ery)f(comple)o(x)g(considerations)382
3175 y(and)24 b(considerable)j(e)o(xperience)f(with)e(the)f(speci\002c)
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3304 y(F)o(or)f(e)o(xample,)i(a)f(transportation)30 b(service)d(pro)o
(vider)g(may)e(wish)g(to)g(\002nd)g(out)h(whether)g(a)382
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y(ing)k(with)g(changing)i(the)e(tick)o(et)i(prices)f(directly)h(may)-6
b(,)29 b(ho)n(we)n(v)o(er)l(,)h(be)g(e)o(xpensi)n(v)o(e)i(and)e(also)
382 3694 y(dif)n(\002cult)24 b(since)h(it)e(can)h(harm)g(the)f
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2045 y(been)26 b(de\002ned)h(or)e(declared)j(before)f(the)f(\002rst)f
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2174 y(declared)f(identi\002ers)f(must)e(be)h(de\002ned)g(e)o(xactly)h
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(syntactically)k(correct)e(program:)492 2469 y FR(e)10
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2583 y FR(e)10 b(x)g(t)g(e)g(r)g(n)74 b(i)13 b(n)g(t)68
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3958 y FR(i)h(n)g(t)74 b FY(f)25 b(\()15 b(\))487 4073
y({)591 4187 y FR(r)10 b(e)g(t)g(u)g(r)g(n)58 b FY(1)14
b(5)g(;)487 4302 y(})382 4482 y F2(Neither)24 b(is:)492
4646 y FR(e)10 b(x)g(t)g(e)g(r)g(n)74 b(i)13 b(n)g(t)75
b FY(f)28 b(\()17 b(\))h(;)495 4761 y FR(i)13 b(n)g(t)67
b FY(x)55 b(=)62 b(f)29 b(\()17 b(\))g(;)499 4875 y FQ(/)h(/)80
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b(n)11 b(e)g(v)g(e)g(r)72 b(d)13 b(e)g(f)g(i)g(n)g(e)g(d)523
5055 y F2(Furthermore,)34 b(local)g(v)n(ariable)g(de\002nitions)h
(inside)f(blocks)g(are)e(allo)n(wed)i(to)e(ha)n(v)o(e)i(the)382
5185 y(same)25 b(name)f(as)h(v)n(ariables)i(in)e(outer)g(scopes)i(and)e
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5315 y(true)f(for)g(function)h(and)f FW(enum)d F2(de\002nitions,)26
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382 3505 y(type)24 b(to)g(the)f(e)o(xpected)j(type)e(by)g(means)g(of)45
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b(o)g(o)g(l)594 5095 y FY(s)j(t)g(a)g(t)g(e)g(m)g(e)g(n)g(t)26
b(;)382 5273 y F2(An)34 b FR(if)g F2(statement)24 b(contains)h(a)e
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b(Since)g(function)h(o)o(v)o(erloading)h(is)d(not)h(supported,)i(this)e
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b FY(f)22 b(\()i FR(i)13 b(n)g(t)67 b FY(y)15 b(\))487
2458 y({)591 2573 y FR(r)10 b(e)g(t)g(u)g(r)g(n)62 b
FY(y)17 b(;)487 2687 y(})495 2802 y FR(i)c(n)g(t)67 b
FY(x)55 b(=)62 b(f)22 b(\()f(e)10 b(x)g(p)g(r)29 b(\))20
b(;)77 b FQ(/)18 b(/)80 b(e)12 b(x)g(p)g(e)g(c)g(t)g(e)g(d)72
b(t)12 b(y)g(p)g(e)74 b(o)12 b(f)71 b(e)10 b(x)g(p)g(r)75
b(i)15 b(s)81 b(i)15 b(n)g(t)382 2981 y F2(F)o(or)j(an)h(increment)i
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(identi\002er)g(is)34 b FR(\003oat)382 3111 y F2(or)d
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(be)h FR(const)q F2(.)495 3276 y FR(i)13 b(n)g(t)80 b
FY(i)18 b(d)f(e)h(n)f(t)h(i)f(f)g(i)h(e)g(r)70 b(=)52
b(0)16 b(;)484 3390 y(+)r(+)j(i)e(d)h(e)f(n)g(t)h(i)g(f)f(i)h(e)f(r)36
b(;)76 b FQ(/)18 b(/)79 b(e)12 b(x)g(p)g(e)g(c)g(t)g(e)g(d)73
b(t)12 b(y)g(p)g(e)73 b(o)12 b(f)79 b(i)17 b(d)h(e)f(n)g(t)h(i)g(f)f(i)
h(e)f(r)83 b(i)15 b(s)80 b(i)16 b(n)f(t)469 3505 y FN(\000)-11
b(\000)11 b FY(i)17 b(d)h(e)f(n)g(t)h(i)g(f)f(i)h(e)f(r)31
b(;)382 3685 y F2(A)22 b FR(r)o(etur)o(n)g F2(statement)j(contains)h
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(xpression)i(is)382 3814 y(the)e(return)h(type)f(of)f(the)h(function.)
495 3979 y FR(i)13 b(n)g(t)74 b FY(f)25 b(\()15 b(\))487
4093 y({)591 4208 y FR(r)10 b(e)g(t)g(u)g(r)g(n)68 b
FY(e)10 b(x)g(p)g(r)29 b(;)76 b FQ(/)17 b(/)80 b(e)12
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b(o)12 b(f)71 b(e)10 b(x)g(p)g(r)76 b(i)15 b(s)80 b(i)15
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F2(is)c FR(bool)o F2(.)f(The)h(e)o(xpected)i(type)382
4632 y(of)h(the)g(operand)h(to)f(the)g(unary)h(sign)f(operator)j
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F2(depending)d(on)d(the)g(actual)382 4762 y(type.)523
4892 y(The)f(e)o(xpected)j(type)e(of)f(the)h(operands)i(to)d(the)h
(binary)h(operators)h FY(&&)c F2(and)45 b FY(||)e F2(is)23
b FR(bool)o F2(.)523 5021 y(The)k(types)h(of)f(the)h(tw)o(o)e(operands)
k(to)d(the)g(operators)j FY(==)c F2(and)i FY(!=)e F2(should)j(be)e(the)
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(xpected)i(type)e(of)382 2126 y(both)c(operands)i(is)31
b FR(int)8 b F2(.)523 2256 y(The)34 b(e)o(xpected)i(type)f(of)f(the)h
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(the)382 2386 y(multiple-choice)d(operator)d(is)42 b
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%%Page: 34 36
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%%Page: 49 51
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%%Page: 50 52
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%%Trailer

userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF